Greetings! In this week’s article, I will be discussing the often-confused Individual Tax Identification Number and the Social Security Number. Although both are used for tax reporting purposes, they are different when it comes to administration and purpose.

The Individual Tax Identification Number

Although the Individual Tax Identification Number or commonly known as “ITIN” is used for tax reporting purposes, it is issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). ITINs are tax processing numbers that are issued to foreign nationals, undocumented immigrants, nonresident individuals, their spouses, and other dependents who cannot obtain a Social Security Number but are required to pay taxes. However, ITINs do not authorize a person to work or live in the country, but it can be used to open an interest-bearing bank account.

The Social Security Number

The Social Security Number or commonly known as “SSN” is also used for tax reporting purposes, however it is issued by the Social Security Administration, unlike an ITIN, which is issued by the IRS. In addition, an SSN is issued to US Citizens, Green Card holders, and certain nonimmigrant visa holders who are authorized to work in the United States. For example, an SSN may also be issued to those who have obtained or have applied for a green card and who have received a work permit (LPR Applicants with approved Work authorizations).

How Do I get a Social Security Number?

You cannot have both an ITIN and an SSN! Your SSN is assigned by the Social Security Administration either:

(1) at birth to US Citizens, or

(2) to people who are eligible and have obtained an authorization via work permit (EAD)

If you are not a US Citizen and are thinking of applying for a green card, be sure your lawyer submits the application for your work permit (The EAD; Please refer to my other articles regarding the Employment Authorization Document). If you already have an ITIN, and you apply and receive a work permit, your ITIN becomes your SSN. At that point, you no longer have an ITIN.

Why is a Social Security Number better than an Individual Tax Identification Number?

As discussed, there are many differences between an ITIN and an SSN. The reason why an SSN is better is because the SSN opens many opportunities to you that an ITIN does not. Not only does having an SSN mean you can work, have access to Social Security benefits, but you are also eligible for other government services. In contrast, ITINs are limited in scope. Having an ITIN does not mean you are allowed to work in the United States or entitled to receive Social Security benefits. Its primary goal is to ensure that everyone pays taxes, regardless of their immigration status.

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Disclaimer: The information contained herein have been prepared for informational purposes only and are not to be considered legal advice unless otherwise specified. If you have a specific question regarding your personal case, please contact the Law Offices of Joseph Chitmongran for a full consultation.